如何自訂媒體通知

François Beaufort
François Beaufort

Media Session API 可讓網站讓使用者瞭解瀏覽器目前播放的內容,且無需返回至啟動該 API 的頁面即可控制目前播放的內容。使用者可以透過自訂媒體通知的中繼資料、媒體事件 (例如播放、暫停、跳轉和追蹤異動) 來自訂使用者體驗。這些自訂設定適用於多種情境,包括電腦媒體中心、行動裝置的媒體通知,甚至是穿戴式裝置。

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資料來源

媒體工作階段結構定義的螢幕截圖。
電腦版媒體中心、行動裝置上的媒體通知,以及穿戴式裝置。

網站播放音訊或視訊時,使用者會在行動裝置的通知匣或電腦版媒體中心自動收到媒體通知。瀏覽器會盡可能使用文件標題和所找到的最大圖示圖片,來顯示適當的資訊。Media Session API 可讓您使用更豐富的媒體中繼資料 (例如標題、演出者名稱、專輯名稱和圖片) 自訂媒體通知,如下所示。

媒體工作階段介面插圖。
行動裝置上媒體通知的剖析。

以下範例說明如何建立自訂媒體通知,以及回應播放和暫停等基本媒體動作。

const video = document.querySelector("video");

navigator.mediaSession.metadata = new MediaMetadata({
  title: "Never Gonna Give You Up",
  artist: "Rick Astley",
  album: "Whenever You Need Somebody",
  artwork: [
    { src: "https://via.placeholder.com/96",  sizes: "96x96" },
    { src: "https://via.placeholder.com/128", sizes: "128x128" },
    { src: "https://via.placeholder.com/256", sizes: "256x256" },
    { src: "https://via.placeholder.com/512", sizes: "512x512" },
  ],
});

navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("play", async () => {
  // Resume playback
  try {
    await video.play();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err.name, err.message);
  }
});

navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("pause", () => {
  // Pause active playback
  video.pause();
});

video.addEventListener("play", () => {
  navigator.mediaSession.playbackState = "playing";
});

video.addEventListener("pause", () => {
  navigator.mediaSession.playbackState = "paused";
});

其他資訊

操作示範

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
    <link
      rel="icon"
      href="data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 100 100%22><text y=%22.9em%22 font-size=%2290%22>📺</text></svg>"
    />
    <title>How to customize media notifications</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>How to customize media notifications</h1>
    <video controls playsinline src="https://storage.googleapis.com/media-session/caminandes/short.mp4"></video>
    <p>Credits: Media files are © copyright Blender Foundation | <a href="https://www.blender.org">www.blender.org</a>.</p>
  </body>
</html>

CSS


        :root {
  color-scheme: dark light;
}
html {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
*,
*:before,
*:after {
  box-sizing: inherit;
}
body {
  margin: 1rem;
  font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
}
video {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 10px;
  max-width: 100%;
}
        

JS


        const video = document.querySelector("video");

navigator.mediaSession.metadata = new MediaMetadata({
  title: "Caminandes 2: Gran Dillama - Blender Animated Short",
  artist: "Blender Foundation",
  artwork: [
    { src: "https://storage.googleapis.com/media-session/caminandes/artwork-96.png",  sizes: "96x96" },
    { src: "https://storage.googleapis.com/media-session/caminandes/artwork-128.png", sizes: "128x128" },
    { src: "https://storage.googleapis.com/media-session/caminandes/artwork-256.png", sizes: "256x256" },
    { src: "https://storage.googleapis.com/media-session/caminandes/artwork-512.png", sizes: "512x512" },
  ],
});

navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("play", async () => {
  // Resume playback
  try {
    await video.play();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err.name, err.message);
  }
});

navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("pause", () => {
  // Pause active playback
  video.pause();
});

video.addEventListener("play", () => {
  navigator.mediaSession.playbackState = "playing";
});

video.addEventListener("pause", () => {
  navigator.mediaSession.playbackState = "paused";
});