如何创建应用快捷方式

François Beaufort
François Beaufort

应用快捷方式可帮助用户快速启动 Web 应用中的常用或推荐任务。从显示应用图标的任何位置轻松访问这些任务,有助于提高用户的工作效率,并提升他们与 Web 应用的互动度。

现代方法

在 Web 应用清单中定义应用快捷方式

如需调用应用快捷方式菜单,请在用户桌面上的任务栏 (Windows) 或底栏 (macOS) 中右键点击应用图标,或在 Android 设备上轻触并按住应用的启动器图标。

Android 设备上打开的应用快捷方式菜单。
Android 上打开的应用快捷方式菜单
Windows 上打开的应用快捷方式菜单。
Windows 上打开的应用快捷方式菜单

系统仅针对已安装的渐进式 Web 应用显示应用快捷方式菜单。如需了解可安装性要求,请参阅了解 PWA 模块中的安装部分。

每个应用快捷方式都表示一个用户 intent,每个 intent 都与 Web 应用范围内的网址相关联。当用户激活应用快捷方式时,系统会打开该网址。

您可以选择在网络应用清单shortcuts 数组成员中声明应用快捷方式。以下是一个可能的网络应用清单示例。

{
  "name": "Player FM",
  "start_url": "https://player.fm?utm_source=homescreen",
  "shortcuts": [
    {
      "name": "Open Play Later",
      "short_name": "Play Later",
      "description": "View the list of podcasts you saved for later",
      "url": "/play-later?utm_source=homescreen",
      "icons": [{ "src": "/icons/play-later.png", "sizes": "192x192" }]
    },
    {
      "name": "View Subscriptions",
      "short_name": "Subscriptions",
      "description": "View the list of podcasts you listen to",
      "url": "/subscriptions?utm_source=homescreen",
      "icons": [{ "src": "/icons/subscriptions.png", "sizes": "192x192" }]
    }
  ]
}

浏览器支持

  • Chrome:96.
  • Edge:96.
  • Firefox:不受支持。
  • Safari:17.4。

来源

经典方式

如果用户尚未安装该应用,您可以建议用户从您的网页中拖动一些链接,并将其放置在浏览器的书签栏中。这样,用户就可以在您的 Web 应用中快速启动常用或推荐的任务。

深入阅读

演示

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
    <meta name="color-scheme" content="dark light" />
    <link rel="manifest" href="manifest.json" />
    <title>How to create app shortcuts</title>
    <!-- TODO: Devsite - Removed inline handlers -->
    <!-- <script>
      if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) {
        window.addEventListener('load', () => {
          navigator.serviceWorker.register('sw.js');
        });
      }
    </script>
    <script type="module" src="script.js"></script> -->
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>How to create app shortcuts</h1>
    <ol>
      <li>
        You can drag these <a href="blue.html">blue page</a> or
        <a href="red.html">red page</a> links to the bookmarks bar
        and access them later.
      </li>
      <li>
        Install the app by clicking the button below. After the installation,
        the button is disabled.
        <p>
          <button disabled type="button">Install</button>
        </p>
      </li>
    </ol>
  </body>
</html>

JS


        // The install button.
const installButton = document.querySelector('button');

// Only relevant for browsers that support installation.
if ('BeforeInstallPromptEvent' in window) {
  // Variable to stash the `BeforeInstallPromptEvent`.
  let installEvent = null;

  // Function that will be run when the app is installed.
  const onInstall = () => {
    // Disable the install button.
    installButton.disabled = true;
    // No longer needed.
    installEvent = null;
  };

  window.addEventListener('beforeinstallprompt', (event) => {
    // Do not show the install prompt quite yet.
    event.preventDefault();
    // Stash the `BeforeInstallPromptEvent` for later.
    installEvent = event;
    // Enable the install button.
    installButton.disabled = false;
  });

  installButton.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    // If there is no stashed `BeforeInstallPromptEvent`, return.
    if (!installEvent) {
      return;
    }
    // Use the stashed `BeforeInstallPromptEvent` to prompt the user.
    installEvent.prompt();
    const result = await installEvent.userChoice;
    // If the user installs the app, run `onInstall()`.
    if (result.outcome === 'accepted') {
      onInstall();
    }
  });

  // The user can decide to ignore the install button
  // and just use the browser prompt directly. In this case
  // likewise run `onInstall()`.
  window.addEventListener('appinstalled', () => {
    onInstall();
  });
}