如何让用户分享他们所在的网站

Thomas Steiner

让用户分享他们所在的网站是一种常见的 Web 应用模式，您可以在许多新闻网站、博客或购物网站上找到这种模式。由于链接是 Web 的超能力之一，因此我们希望从在社交网站上看到共享链接的用户那里获取流量，或者通过聊天消息甚至电子邮件接收链接的用户那里获取流量。

现代方式

使用 Web Share API

借助 Web Share API，用户可以分享数据，例如 他们所在页面的网址，以及标题和说明文字。 Web Share API 的 navigator.share() 方法会调用设备的原生共享机制。它会返回一个 promise，并接受一个包含要共享的数据的参数。可能的值包括：

  • url：表示要共享的网址的字符串。
  • text：表示要共享的文本的字符串。
  • title：表示要共享的标题的字符串。可能会被浏览器忽略。

Browser Support

  • Chrome: 128.
  • Edge: 93.
  • Firefox: behind a flag.
  • Safari: 12.1.

Source

传统方式

使用社交网站的共享 intent

并非所有浏览器都支持 Web Share API。因此，一种备用方案是与目标受众群体最常用的社交网站集成。一个常见的示例 是 Twitter，其 Web Intent 网址允许共享文本和网址。该方法通常包括制作网址并在浏览器中打开该网址。

界面注意事项

根据操作系统供应商的界面指南，尊重平台已确立的共享图标是一种不错的做法。

  • Windows：
  • Apple：
  • Android 和其他操作系统：

采用渐进增强的方式

以下代码段在支持 Web Share API 时使用该 API，然后回退到 Twitter 的 Web Intent 网址。

// DOM references
const button = document.querySelector('button');
const icon = button.querySelector('.icon');
const canonical = document.querySelector('link[rel="canonical"]');

// Find out if the user is on a device made by Apple.
const IS_MAC = /Mac|iPhone/.test(navigator.platform);
// Find out if the user is on a Windows device.
const IS_WINDOWS = /Win/.test(navigator.platform);
// For Apple devices or Windows, use the platform-specific share icon.
icon.classList.add(`share${IS_MAC? 'mac' : (IS_WINDOWS? 'windows' : '')}`);

button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
  // Title and text are identical, since the title may actually be ignored.
  const title = document.title;
  const text = document.title;
  // Use the canonical URL, if it exists, else, the current location.
  const url = canonical?.href || location.href;

  // Feature detection to see if the Web Share API is supported.
  if ('share' in navigator) {
    try {
      await navigator.share({
        url,
        text,
        title,
      });
      return;
    } catch (err) {
      // If the user cancels, an `AbortError` is thrown.
      if (err.name !== "AbortError") {
        console.error(err.name, err.message);
      }
    }
  }
  // Fallback to use Twitter's Web Intent URL.
  // (https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-for-websites/tweet-button/guides/web-intent)
  const shareURL = new URL('https://twitter.com/intent/tweet');
  const params = new URLSearchParams();
  params.append('text', text);
  params.append('url', url);
  shareURL.search = params;
  window.open(shareURL, '_blank', 'popup,noreferrer,noopener');
});

深入阅读

演示

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
    <title>How to let the user share the website they are on</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
    <!-- TODO: Devsite - Removed inline handlers -->
    <!-- <script src="script.js" defer></script> -->
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>How to let the user share the website they are on</h1>
    <p>
      Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin at libero
      eget ante congue molestie. Integer varius enim leo. Duis est nisi,
      ullamcorper et posuere eu, mattis sed lorem. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
      consectetur adipiscing elit. In at suscipit erat, et sollicitudin lorem.
    </p>
    <img src="https://placekitten.com/400/300" width=400 height=300>
    <p>
      In euismod ornare scelerisque. Nunc imperdiet augue ac porttitor
      porttitor. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et
      malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Curabitur eget pretium elit, et
      interdum quam.
    </p>
    <hr />
    <button type="button"><span class="icon"></span>Share</button>
  </body>
</html>

CSS


        :root {
  color-scheme: dark light;
}

html {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

*, *:before, *:after {
  box-sizing: inherit;
}

body {
  margin: 1rem;
  font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
}

img,
video {
  height: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
}

button {
  display: flex;
}

button .icon {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 1em;
  height: 1em;
  background-size: 1em;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  button .icon {
    filter: invert();
  }
}

.share {
  background-image: url('share.svg');
}

.sharemac {
  background-image: url('sharemac.svg');
}

JS


        // DOM references
const button = document.querySelector('button');
const icon = button.querySelector('.icon');
const canonical = document.querySelector('link[rel="canonical"]');

// Find out if the user is on a device made by Apple.
const IS_MAC = /Mac|iPhone/.test(navigator.platform);
// Find out if the user is on a Windows device.
const IS_WINDOWS = /Win/.test(navigator.platform);
// For Apple devices or Windows, use the platform-specific share icon.
icon.classList.add(`share${IS_MAC? 'mac' : (IS_WINDOWS? 'windows' : '')}`);

button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
  // Title and text are identical, since the title may actually be ignored.
  const title = document.title;
  const text = document.title;
  // Use the canonical URL, if it exists, else, the current location.
  const url = canonical?.href || location.href;

  // Feature detection to see if the Web Share API is supported.
  if ('share' in navigator) {
    try {
      await navigator.share({
        url,
        text,
        title,
      });
      return;
    } catch (err) {
      // If the user cancels, an `AbortError` is thrown.
      if (err.name !== "AbortError") {
        console.error(err.name, err.message);
      }
    }
  }
  // Fallback to use Twitter's Web Intent URL.
  // (https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-for-websites/tweet-button/guides/web-intent)
  const shareURL = new URL('https://twitter.com/intent/tweet');
  const params = new URLSearchParams();
  params.append('text', text);
  params.append('url', url);
  shareURL.search = params;
  window.open(shareURL, '_blank', 'popup,noreferrer,noopener');
});