Published: August 16, 2019
As with image elements, you may also want to lazy-load video. Videos are commonly loaded with the <video>
element, though for videos hosted on other services such as YouTube they may use <iframe>
s (in which case check out the article in lazy-loading iframes).
How to lazy-load <video>
depends on the use case, as there are a couple of different solutions.
For video that doesn't autoplay
Avoiding autoplaying videos is usually best practice as it leaves the control with the user. In these cases specifying the preload
attribute on the <video>
element is the best way to avoid loading the whole video:
<video controls preload="none" poster="one-does-not-simply-placeholder.jpg">
<source src="one-does-not-simply.webm" type="video/webm">
<source src="one-does-not-simply.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
The previous example uses a preload
attribute with a value of none
to prevent browsers from preloading any video data. The poster
attribute gives the <video>
element a placeholder that will occupy the space while the video loads.
In most browsers preload
defaults to metadata
and a portion of the video is preloaded using the Content-Range
header. This can result in more data being downloaded than desired—particularly if the Content-Range
header is not supported by the browser. Even when this is supported, browsers cannot know what bytes the metadata is stored at, and it may not be stored at the beginning of the file. Therefore, the best chance of avoiding loading the video is in specifying none
and using preload="none"
.
This can be further enhanced to preload the metadata when the user hovers the video with an onmouseenter
attribute (or with the equivalent mouseenter
event handler):
<video controls
preload="none"
poster="one-does-not-simply-placeholder.jpg"
onmouseenter="event.target.setAttribute('preload','metadata')">
<source src="one-does-not-simply.webm" type="video/webm">
<source src="one-does-not-simply.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
This not only reduces the delay when the user goes to play the video, but also shows the duration of the video as soon as they.
Videos can qualify as an LCP candidates. A poster
image will be quicker to load than the video so where this is an LCP candidate, you should use a poster image, but also preload it with a fetchpriority
attribute value of "high"
:
<link rel="preload" href="one-does-not-simply-placeholder.jpg" as="image" fetchpriority="high">
<video controls preload="none"
poster="one-does-not-simply-placeholder.jpg"
onmouseenter="event.target.setAttribute('preload','metadata')">
<source src="one-does-not-simply.webm" type="video/webm">
<source src="one-does-not-simply.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
For video acting as an animated GIF replacement
Autoplaying videos are most commonly used for GIF-style quick animations. While animated GIFs enjoy wide use, they're subpar to video equivalents in a number of ways, particularly in file size. Animated GIFs can stretch into the range of several megabytes of data. Videos of similar visual quality tend to be far smaller.
Using the <video>
element as a replacement for animated GIF is not as straightforward as the <img>
element. Animated GIFs have three characteristics:
- They play automatically when loaded.
- They loop continuously (though that's not always the case).
- They don't have an audio track.
Achieving this with the <video>
element looks something like this:
<video autoplay muted loop playsinline>
<source src="one-does-not-simply.webm" type="video/webm">
<source src="one-does-not-simply.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
The autoplay
, muted
, and loop
attributes are self-explanatory. playsinline
is necessary for autoplaying to occur in iOS. Now you have a serviceable video-as-GIF replacement that works across platforms. But how to go about lazy loading it? To start, modify your <video>
markup accordingly:
<video class="lazy" autoplay muted loop playsinline width="610" height="254" poster="one-does-not-simply.jpg">
<source data-src="one-does-not-simply.webm" type="video/webm">
<source data-src="one-does-not-simply.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
You'll notice the addition of the poster
attribute, which lets you specify a placeholder to occupy the <video>
element's space until the video is lazy-loaded. As with the <img>
lazy-loading examples, stash the video URL in the data-src
attribute on each <source>
element. From there, use JavaScript code similar to the Intersection Observer-based image lazy loading examples:
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
var lazyVideos = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll("video.lazy"));
if ("IntersectionObserver" in window) {
var lazyVideoObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries, observer) {
entries.forEach(function(video) {
if (video.isIntersecting) {
for (var source in video.target.children) {
var videoSource = video.target.children[source];
if (typeof videoSource.tagName === "string" && videoSource.tagName === "SOURCE") {
videoSource.src = videoSource.dataset.src;
}
}
video.target.load();
video.target.classList.remove("lazy");
lazyVideoObserver.unobserve(video.target);
}
});
});
lazyVideos.forEach(function(lazyVideo) {
lazyVideoObserver.observe(lazyVideo);
});
}
});
When you lazy-load a <video>
element, you need to iterate through all of the child <source>
elements and flip their data-src
attributes to src
attributes. Once you've done that, you need to trigger loading of the video by calling the element's load
method, after which the media will begin playing automatically per the autoplay
attribute.
Using this method, you have a video solution that emulates animated GIF behavior, but doesn't incur the same intensive data usage as animated GIFs do, and you can lazy-load that content.
Lazy loading libraries
The following libraries can help you to lazy-load video:
- vanilla-lazyload and lozad.js are super lightweight options that use Intersection Observer only. As such, they are highly performant, but will need to be polyfilled before you can use them on older browsers.
- yall.js is a library that uses Intersection Observer and falls back to event handlers. It can also lazy load video
poster
images using adata-poster
attribute. - If you need a React-specific lazy loading library, you might considerreact-lazyload. While it doesn't use Intersection Observer, it does provide a familiar method of lazy loading images for those accustomed to developing applications with React.
Each of these lazy loading libraries is well documented, with plenty of markup patterns for your various lazy loading endeavors.