##### [The CSS Podcast - 053: Background](https://thecsspodcast.libsyn.com/035-background)
Behind every CSS box is a specialized layer called the background layer. CSS provides a variety of ways to make meaningful changes to it--including allowing multiple backgrounds.
Background layers are furthest from the user, rendered behind the contents of a box starting from its `padding-box` region. This enables the background layer to not overlap with borders at all.
## Background color
Browser Support
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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties/background-color)
One of the simplest effects you can apply to a background layer is setting the [color](https://web.dev/learn/css/color.md.txt). The initial value of `background-color` is `transparent`, which allows the contents of a parent to be visible. A valid color set on a background layer sits behind other things painted on that element.
## Background images
Browser Support
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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties/background-image)
On top of the `background-color` layer, you can add a background image, using the `background-image` property. A `background-image` accepts the following:
- An image URL or [data URI](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/Data_URIs) using the `url` CSS function.
- An image dynamically created by a gradient CSS function.
### Setting a background-image with the `url` CSS function
### CSS gradient backgrounds
Several [gradient](https://web.dev/learn/css/gradients.md.txt) CSS functions exist to allow you to generate a background-image, when passed two or more colors.
Regardless of which gradient function is used, the resulting image is [intrinsically sized](https://web.dev/learn/css/box-model.md.txt#content_and_sizing) to match the amount of space available.
Demo showing example of applying a background-image using gradient functions:
## Repeating background images
Browser Support
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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties/background-repeat)
By default, background images repeat horizontally and vertically to fill the entire space of the background layer.
Change this by using the `background-repeat` property with one of the following values:
- `repeat`: The image repeats within the space available, cropping as necessary.
- `round`: The image repeats horizontally and vertically to fit as many instances into the space available. As the space available increases the image stretches, and after stretching half of the image's original width, compresses in order to add more image instances.
- `space`: The image repeats horizontally and vertically to fit as many instances within the space available without cropping---spacing out instances of the image as needed. Repeating images touch the edges of the space a background layer occupies, with white space evenly distributed between them.
The `background-repeat` property allows you to set the behavior for the x and y axis independently. The first parameter sets the horizontal repeat behavior, and the second parameter sets the vertical repeat behavior.
If you use a single value, it will be applied to both the horizontal and vertical repeats.
The shorthand also has convenient one-word options to make your intent clearer.
The value `repeat-x` repeats an image only horizontally; this is equivalent to `repeat no-repeat`.
The following demo demonstrates these capabilities of the `background-repeat` property:
## Background position
Browser Support
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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties/background-position)
You may have noticed when some images on the Web are styled with a `background-repeat: no-repeat` declaration, such images are displayed top left of their container.
The initial position of background images is top left. The `background-position` property allows you to change this behavior by offsetting the image position.
As with `background-repeat`, the `background-position` property allows you to position images along the x and y axis independently with two values by default.
When CSS lengths and percentages are used, the first parameter corresponds to the horizontal axis while the second parameter corresponds to the vertical axis.
When keywords are only used the order of the keywords does not matter:
Do
```css
background-position: left 50%;
```
Do
```css
background-position: top left;
```
Do
```css
background-position: left top;
```
Order does not matter for keywords associated with different axes of position.
Don't
```css
background-position: 50% left;
```
When CSS values are used alongside keywords, the order matters. The first value represents the horizontal axis and the second the vertical axis.
Don't
```css
background-position: left right;
```
You cannot use keywords associated with the same axis simultaneously.
The `background-position` property also has a convenient one value shorthand; the omitted value resolves to `50%`. Here's an example that demonstrates this using the keywords the `background-position` property accepts:
In addition to its default two parameter form and one parameter form; the `background-position` property also accepts up to four parameters;
When three or four parameters are used, a CSS length or percentage must be preceded by the `top`, `left`, `right`, or `bottom` keywords in order for the browser to calculate which edge of the CSS box the offset should originate from.
When three parameters are used, a CSS length or value can be the second or third parameter with the other two being keywords; the keyword it succeeds will be used to determine the edge the CSS length or value corresponds to being the offset of. The offset of the other keyword specified is set to 0.
Do
```css
background-position: bottom 88% right;
```
Do
```css
background-position: right bottom 88%;
```
Don't
```css
background-position: 88% bottom right;
```
CSS length value must be preceded by the `top`, `right`, `bottom`, or `left` keywords when using three or more parameters. Do
```css
background-position: bottom 88% right 33%;
```
Do
```css
background-position: right 33% bottom 88%;
```
Don't
```css
background-position: 88% 33% bottom left;
```
CSS length value must be preceded by the `top`, `right`, `bottom`, or `left` keywords when using three or more parameters.
If `background-position: top left 20%`is applied to a CSS background image, the image is placed at the top of the box, the `20%` value represents a 20% offset from the left of the box (on the x axis).
If `background-position: top 20% left` is applied to a CSS background image, the 20% value represents a 20% offset from the top of the CSS box (on the y axis), and the image is placed at the left of the box.
When four parameters are used, the two keywords are paired with two values corresponding to an offset against the origins of each keyword specified. If `background-position: bottom 20% right 30%` is applied to a background-image, the background-image is positioned 20% from the bottom, and 30% from the right of the CSS box.
The following demo demonstrates this behavior:
Here are more examples of using the `background-position` property using a mix of CSS and keyword values:
> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** To learn more about the nuances related to positioning backgrounds, check out [`background-position` on MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/background-position).
## Background Size
Browser Support
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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties/background-size)
The `background-size` property sets the size of background images; By default background images are sized based on their intrinsic (actual) width, height, and aspect ratio.
The `background-size` property uses CSS length and percentage values or specific keywords. The property accepts up to two parameters corresponding to allowing you to change width and height of a background independently.
The `background-size` property accepts the following keywords:
- `auto`: When used independently, the background image is sized based on its intrinsic width and height; when `auto` is used alongside another CSS value for the width (first parameter) or height (second parameter), the dimension set to `auto` is sized as needed to maintain the natural aspect ratio of the image. This is the default behavior of the `background-size` property.
- `cover`: Covers the entire area of the background layer. This may mean the image is scaled or cropped.
- `contain`: Sizes the image to fill the space without stretching or cropping. As a result, empty space can remain that will cause the image to repeat, unless `background-repeat` is set to `no-repeat`.
The latter two are intended to be used in a standalone fashion without another parameter.
The following demo demonstrates these keywords in action:
Demo demonstrating applying these keywords to `background-size`:
## Background attachment
Browser Support
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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties/background-attachment)
The `background-attachment` property enables you to modify the fixed position behavior of background images (images part of a background layer) once the layer is visible on a screen.
It accepts 3 keywords: `scroll`, `fixed`, and `local`.
The default behavior of the `background-attachment` property is the initial value of `scroll`. When more space is needed, the images move with that space within the background layer determined by the bounds of the CSS box.
Using the value `fixed` fixes the position of background images to the viewport.
Once the space of the background layer images originally takes up needs to be scrolled (or rendered) offscreen, images within the background layer stay fixed in the original position the background layer enabled them to be until the entire layer is scrolled off screen by the viewport.
The `local` keyword enables the position of background images to be fixed relative to the element's contents. Background images now move along the space they occupy as that space renders inside and outside the bounds of the CSS box (usually due to scrolling, 2D, or 3D transformations).
## Background origin
Browser Support
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- ' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='.2' stop-color='%239059ff' stop-opacity='0'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.3' stop-color='%238c4ff3' stop-opacity='.1'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.8' stop-color='%237716a8' stop-opacity='.5'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%236e008b' stop-opacity='.6'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='ff-g' cx='239.1' cy='34.6' r='171.6' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%23ffe226'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.1' stop-color='%23ffdb27'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.3' stop-color='%23ffc82a'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23ffa930'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.7' stop-color='%23ff7e37'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.8' stop-color='%23ff7139'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='ff-h' cx='374' cy='-74.3' r='732.2' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='.1' stop-color='%23fff44f'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23ff980e'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.6' stop-color='%23ff5634'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.7' stop-color='%23ff3647'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.9' stop-color='%23e31587'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='ff-i' cx='304.6' cy='7.1' r='536.4' gradientTransform='rotate(84 303 4)' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%23fff44f'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.1' stop-color='%23ffe847'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.2' stop-color='%23ffc830'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.3' stop-color='%23ff980e'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.4' stop-color='%23ff8b16'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23ff672a'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.6' stop-color='%23ff3647'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.7' stop-color='%23e31587'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='ff-j' cx='235' cy='98.1' r='457.1' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='.1' stop-color='%23fff44f'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23ff980e'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.6' stop-color='%23ff5634'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.7' stop-color='%23ff3647'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.9' stop-color='%23e31587'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='ff-k' cx='355.7' cy='124.9' r='500.3' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='.1' stop-color='%23fff44f'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.2' stop-color='%23ffe141'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23ffaf1e'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.6' stop-color='%23ff980e'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3ClinearGradient id='ff-a' x1='446.9' y1='76.8' x2='47.9' y2='461.8' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='.1' stop-color='%23fff44f'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.1' stop-color='%23ffe847'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.2' stop-color='%23ffc830'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.4' stop-color='%23ff980e'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.4' stop-color='%23ff8b16'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23ff672a'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23ff3647'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.7' stop-color='%23e31587'/%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3ClinearGradient id='ff-l' x1='442.1' y1='74.8' x2='102.6' y2='414.3' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='.2' stop-color='%23fff44f' stop-opacity='.8'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.3' stop-color='%23fff44f' stop-opacity='.6'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23fff44f' stop-opacity='.2'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.6' stop-color='%23fff44f' stop-opacity='0'/%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath d='M479 166c-11-25-32-52-49-60a249 249 0 0 1 25 73c-27-68-73-95-111-155a255 255 0 0 1-8-14 44 44 0 0 1-4-9 1 1 0 0 0 0-1 1 1 0 0 0-1 0c-60 35-81 101-83 134a120 120 0 0 0-66 25 71 71 0 0 0-6-5 111 111 0 0 1-1-58c-25 11-44 29-58 44-9-12-9-52-8-60l-8 4a175 175 0 0 0-24 21 210 210 0 0 0-22 26 203 203 0 0 0-32 73l-1 2-2 15a229 229 0 0 0-4 34v1a240 240 0 0 0 477 40l1-9c5-41 0-84-15-121zM202 355l3 1-3-1zm55-145zm198-31z' fill='url(%23ff-a)'/%3E%3Cpath d='M479 166c-11-25-32-52-49-60 14 26 22 53 25 72v1a207 207 0 0 1-206 279c-113-3-212-87-231-197-3-17 0-26 2-40-2 11-3 14-4 34v1a240 240 0 0 0 477 40l1-9c5-41 0-84-15-121z' fill='url(%23ff-b)'/%3E%3Cpath d='M479 166c-11-25-32-52-49-60 14 26 22 53 25 72v1a207 207 0 0 1-206 279c-113-3-212-87-231-197-3-17 0-26 2-40-2 11-3 14-4 34v1a240 240 0 0 0 477 40l1-9c5-41 0-84-15-121z' fill='url(%23ff-c)'/%3E%3Cpath d='m362 195 1 1a130 130 0 0 0-22-29C266 92 322 5 331 0c-60 35-81 101-83 134l9-1c45 0 84 25 105 62z' fill='url(%23ff-d)'/%3E%3Cpath d='M257 210c-1 6-22 26-29 26-68 0-80 41-80 41 3 35 28 64 57 79l4 2 7 3a107 107 0 0 0 31 6c120 6 143-143 57-186 22-4 45 5 58 14-21-37-60-62-105-62l-9 1a120 120 0 0 0-66 25l17 16c16 16 58 33 58 35z' fill='url(%23ff-e)'/%3E%3Cpath d='M257 210c-1 6-22 26-29 26-68 0-80 41-80 41 3 35 28 64 57 79l4 2 7 3a107 107 0 0 0 31 6c120 6 143-143 57-186 22-4 45 5 58 14-21-37-60-62-105-62l-9 1a120 120 0 0 0-66 25l17 16c16 16 58 33 58 35z' fill='url(%23ff-f)'/%3E%3Cpath d='m171 151 5 3a111 111 0 0 1-1-58c-25 11-44 29-58 44 1 0 36 0 54 11z' fill='url(%23ff-g)'/%3E%3Cpath d='M18 261a242 242 0 0 0 231 197 207 207 0 0 0 206-279c8 56-20 110-64 146-86 71-169 43-186 31l-3-1c-50-24-71-70-67-110-42 0-57-35-57-35s38-28 89-4c46 22 90 4 90 4 0-2-42-19-58-35l-17-16a71 71 0 0 0-6-5l-5-3c-18-11-52-11-54-11-9-12-9-51-8-60l-8 4a175 175 0 0 0-24 21 210 210 0 0 0-22 26 203 203 0 0 0-32 73c0 1-9 38-5 57z' fill='url(%23ff-h)'/%3E%3Cpath d='M341 167a130 130 0 0 1 22 29 46 46 0 0 1 4 3c55 50 26 121 24 126 44-36 72-90 64-146-27-68-73-95-111-155a255 255 0 0 1-8-14 44 44 0 0 1-4-9 1 1 0 0 0 0-1 1 1 0 0 0-1 0c-9 5-65 92 10 167z' fill='url(%23ff-i)'/%3E%3Cpath d='M367 199a46 46 0 0 0-4-3l-1-1c-13-9-36-18-58-15 86 44 63 193-57 187a107 107 0 0 1-31-6 131 131 0 0 1-11-5c17 12 99 39 186-31 2-5 31-76-24-126z' fill='url(%23ff-j)'/%3E%3Cpath d='M148 277s12-41 80-41c7 0 28-20 29-26s-44 18-90-4c-51-24-89 4-89 4s15 35 57 35c-4 40 16 85 67 110l3 1c-29-15-54-44-57-79z' fill='url(%23ff-k)'/%3E%3Cpath d='M479 166c-11-25-32-52-49-60a249 249 0 0 1 25 73c-27-68-73-95-111-155a255 255 0 0 1-8-14 44 44 0 0 1-4-9 1 1 0 0 0 0-1 1 1 0 0 0-1 0c-60 35-81 101-83 134l9-1c45 0 84 25 105 62-13-9-36-18-58-14 86 43 63 192-57 186a107 107 0 0 1-31-6 131 131 0 0 1-11-5l-3-1 3 1c-29-15-54-44-57-79 0 0 12-41 80-41 7 0 28-20 29-26 0-2-42-19-58-35l-17-16a71 71 0 0 0-6-5 111 111 0 0 1-1-58c-25 11-44 29-58 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- ' xlink:href='%23s-b'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%2324a5f3' stop-opacity='0' /%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%231e8ceb' /%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='s-j' cx='109.3' cy='13.8' r='93.1' gradientTransform='matrix(-.02 1.1 -1.04 -.02 137 -115)' xlink:href='%23s-b'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-opacity='0' /%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%235488d6' stop-opacity='0' /%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%235d96eb' /%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Crect width='220' height='220' x='22' y='-107' fill='url(%23s-a)' ry='49' transform='matrix(.57 0 0 .57 187 256)' /%3E%3Cg transform='translate(194 190)'%3E%3Ccircle cx='67.8' cy='67.7' fill='url(%23s-c)' paint-order='stroke fill markers' r='54' /%3E%3Ccircle cx='-69.9' cy='69.3' fill='url(%23s-i)' transform='translate(138 -2)' r='54' /%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cellipse cx='120' cy='14.2' fill='url(%23s-j)' rx='93.1' ry='93.7' transform='matrix(.58 0 0 .58 192 250)' /%3E%3Cg transform='matrix(.58 0 0 .57 197 182)'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23cac7c8' d='M46 192h1l72-48-7-9-66 57Z' /%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fbfffc' d='M46 191v1l66-57-7-9-59 65Z' /%3E%3Cpath fill='url(%23s-d)' d='m119 144-7-9 66-57-59 66Z' /%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fb645c' d='m105 126 7 9 66-57-1-1-72 49Z' /%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-miterlimit='1' stroke-width='1.3' d='m287 278 3-2m-12-17 8-2m-8-3h4m-4-13 8 2m-8 3h4m-1-13 7 3m-4-11 7 4m-2-11 6 6m0-12 6 7m1-11 4 6m4-10 3 7m5-9 2 7m15-7-1 7m10-5-3 7m11-4-4 7m11-2-5 6m16 7-7 4m10 4-7 3m10 6-8 1m8 16-8-2m5 10-7-3m4 11-7-4m2 11-6-5m0 11-5-6m-2 11-4-7m-4 11-3-8m-6 10-1-8m-16 8 2-8m-10 5 3-7m-11 4 4-7m-11 2 5-6m-8 3 3-3m4 8 2-3m5 8 2-4m6 7 1-4m8 5v-4m8 4v-4m9 3-1-4m9 1-2-4m9 0-2-4m9-2-3-3m8-4-3-2m8-5-4-2m7-6-4-1m5-8h-4m4-8h-4m3-9-4 1m1-9-4 2m-1-9-3 2m-2-9-3 3m-4-8-2 3m-5-8-2 4m-6-6-1 3m-8-5v4m-8-4v4m-9-2 1 3m-9 0 2 3m-9 1 2 3m-9 2 3 3m-8 4 3 2m-8 5 4 2m-7 6 4 1m-4 25 4-1m-2 5 7-3m-6 7 4-2m-2 6 7-4m-13-21h8m41-41v-8m0 99v-8m49-42h-8' transform='translate(-65 8)' /%3E%3C/svg%3E)
[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties/background-origin)
The `background-origin` property enables you to modify the area of backgrounds associated with a particular box. The values the property accepts correspond to the `border-box` , `padding-box`, and `content-box` regions of a box .
Try these options out using the following demo:
## Background clip
Browser Support
- ' d='M96 183a64 64 0 0 1-23-23L17 64a128 128 0 0 0 111 192l55-96a64 64 0 0 1-87 23Z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='url(%23b)' d='M192 128a64 64 0 0 1-9 32l-55 96A128 128 0 0 0 239 64H128a64 64 0 0 1 64 64Z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='128' cy='128' r='52' fill='%231a73e8'/%3E%3Cpath fill='url(%23c)' d='M96 73a64 64 0 0 1 32-9h111a128 128 0 0 0-222 0l56 96a64 64 0 0 1 23-87Z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E)
- ' xlink:href='%23A'%3E%3Cstop offset='.76' stop-opacity='0'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.95' stop-opacity='.5'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='F' cx='2523' cy='4680' r='20243' gradientTransform='matrix(-.03715 .99931 -2.12836 -.07913 13579 3530)' xlink:href='%23A'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%2335c1f1'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.11' stop-color='%2334c1ed'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.23' stop-color='%232fc2df'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.31' stop-color='%232bc3d2'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.67' stop-color='%2336c752'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='G' cx='24247' cy='7758' r='9734' gradientTransform='matrix(.28109 .95968 -.78353 .22949 24510 -16292)' xlink:href='%23A'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%2366eb6e'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%2366eb6e' stop-opacity='0'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3Cpath id='H' d='M24105 20053a9345 9345 0 01-1053 472 10202 10202 0 01-3590 646c-4732 0-8855-3255-8855-7432 0-1175 680-2193 1643-2729-4280 180-5380 4640-5380 7253 0 7387 6810 8137 8276 8137 791 0 1984-230 2704-456l130-44a12834 12834 0 006660-5282c220-350-168-757-535-565z'/%3E%3Cpath id='I' d='M11571 25141a7913 7913 0 01-2273-2137 8145 8145 0 01-1514-4740 8093 8093 0 013093-6395 8082 8082 0 011373-859c312-148 846-414 1554-404a3236 3236 0 012569 1297 3184 3184 0 01636 1866c0-21 2446-7960-8005-7960-4390 0-8004 4166-8004 7820 0 2319 538 4170 1212 5604a12833 12833 0 007684 6757 12795 12795 0 003908 610c1414 0 2774-233 4045-656a7575 7575 0 01-6278-803z'/%3E%3Cpath id='J' d='M16231 15886c-80 105-330 250-330 566 0 260 170 512 472 723 1438 1003 4149 868 4156 868a5954 5954 0 003027-839 6147 6147 0 001133-850 6180 6180 0 001910-4437c26-2242-796-3732-1133-4392-2120-4141-6694-6525-11668-6525-7011 0-12703 5635-12798 12620 47-3654 3679-6605 7996-6605 350 0 2346 34 4200 1007 1634 858 2490 1894 3086 2921 618 1067 728 2415 728 2952s-271 1333-780 1990z'/%3E%3Cuse fill='url(%23B)' xlink:href='%23H'/%3E%3Cuse fill='url(%23D)' opacity='.35' xlink:href='%23H'/%3E%3Cuse fill='url(%23C)' xlink:href='%23I'/%3E%3Cuse fill='url(%23E)' opacity='.4' xlink:href='%23I'/%3E%3Cuse fill='url(%23F)' xlink:href='%23J'/%3E%3Cuse fill='url(%23G)' xlink:href='%23J'/%3E%3C/svg%3E)
- ' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='.2' stop-color='%239059ff' stop-opacity='0'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.3' stop-color='%238c4ff3' stop-opacity='.1'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.8' stop-color='%237716a8' stop-opacity='.5'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%236e008b' stop-opacity='.6'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='ff-g' cx='239.1' cy='34.6' r='171.6' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%23ffe226'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.1' stop-color='%23ffdb27'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.3' stop-color='%23ffc82a'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23ffa930'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.7' stop-color='%23ff7e37'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.8' stop-color='%23ff7139'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='ff-h' cx='374' cy='-74.3' r='732.2' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='.1' stop-color='%23fff44f'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23ff980e'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.6' stop-color='%23ff5634'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.7' stop-color='%23ff3647'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.9' 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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties/background-clip)
The `background-clip` property controls what is visually seen from a background layer regardless of the bounds created by the `background-origin` property.
Like `background-origin` the regions that can be specified are `border-box`, `padding-box`, and `content-box` corresponding to where a CSS background layer can be rendered. When these keywords are used, any rendering of the background further than the region specified will be cropped or clipped.
The `background-clip` property also accepts a `text` keyword that clips the background to be no further than the text within the content box. For this effect to be evident in the actual text within a CSS box, the text must be partially or completely transparent.
A relatively new property, at the time of this writing, Chrome and most browsers require the `-webkit-` prefix to use this property.
Browser Support
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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties/background-clip)
> [!TIP]
> **Note:** This property is not compatible with `background-clip: text` being simultaneously set on a CSS box.
## Multiple backgrounds
As mentioned at the beginning of the module, the background layer allows multiple sublayers to be defined. For brevity, I'll refer to these sublayers as backgrounds.
Multiple backgrounds are defined top to bottom; The first background is the closest to the user, while the last background is the furthest from the user.
The only background defined or the last layer is designated the *final background layer* by the browser. Only this layer is allowed to assign a `background-color`.
> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** With the unpredictability of the web in mind, a background-image may fail to load. Setting a background-color on the final layer ensures good contrast for text and so on if important background layers fail to load.
Multiple layers can be individually configured using most background-related CSS properties that are comma separated, as demonstrated in the code snippet and live demo below.
```css
background-image: url("https://assets.codepen.io/7518/pngaaa.com-1272986.png"),
url("https://assets.codepen.io/7518/blob.svg"),
linear-gradient(hsl(191deg, 40%, 86%), hsla(191deg, 96%, 96%, 0.5));
background-size: contain, cover, auto;
background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat, no-repeat;
background-position: 50% 50%, 10% 50%, 0% 0%;
background-origin: padding-box, border-box, content-box;
```
## The background shorthand
To make it easier to style the background layer of a box-especially when multiple background layers are desired--there is a shorthand that follows the following specific pattern:
```css
background:
/ ?
?
```
> [!TIP]
> **:** It's important to note that any background properties omitted in the shorthand are set to their initial values.
Order is important in the shorthand form of declaring multiple backgrounds. The position and size values must both be provided, separated by a slash (`/`). Declaring the origin and clip behavior in the correct order allows you take advantage of setting keywords that are valid for both simultaneously
The following declaration clips the background, and originates it from the content box:
```css
background: url("https://assets.codepen.io/7518/blob.svg") 50%
50% / contain no-repeat content-box;
```
With these shorthand semantics in mind, the previous background-related declarations of the code snippet could be rewritten to be following:
```css
background: url("https://assets.codepen.io/7518/pngaaa.com-1272986.png") 50% 50%/contain no-repeat padding-box, url("https://assets.codepen.io/7518/blob.svg") 10% 50% / cover border-box, linear-gradient(hsl(191deg, 40%, 86%), hsla(191deg, 96%, 96%, 0.5) ) 0% 0% / cover no-repeat content-box ;
```
### Check your understanding
Test your knowledge of CSS Backgrounds
Background images are positioned in the top-left of a CSS box.
True Correct! False Depending on its intrinsic size an image may appear to not be in positioned in the top left corner of a CSS box, `background-position` needs to be explicitly used to change the default position of a background image. Background images are repeated by default.
False `background-repeat: no-repeat` explicitly must be used to not repeat a background-image. Additionally `background-repeat: repeat-x` and `background-repeat: repeat-y` can be used to prevent repeating in the specific axis. True Background images repeat by default. Which of the following `background-position` declarations are valid?
`background-position: 50% left` When CSS values are used with keywords, the order of the values matters. `background-position: top right 33%` This positions a background image to the very top of a box and 33% from the right edge of the box. `background-position: right bottom` This positions a background image to the very right and bottom of a box. Position of differing axes can be named in any order. `background-position: left` This positions a background image to be at the very left of the box and centered vertically. When just one position of an axis is provided, the background image is centered in the opposite axis. To set a background image to be fixed within a viewport you use:
`background-position: fixed` 'This is an invalid value for the `background-position` property.' `background-fixed-to-viewport: true` `background-fixed-to-viewport` doesn't exist in CSS yet. `background-attachment: fixed` `background-attachment: fixed` explicitly sets the background image to be fixed within the current viewport. `background-attachment: scroll` '`background-attachment` is the property to use to set a background image to be fixed within a viewport; however `scroll` is the default value for the property that fixes the background image by default to the box unimpacted by the content within the box.' The default background-origin of a background within a CSS box is:
`content-box` Valid value for `background-origin`, but isn't the default. `border-box` Valid value for `background-origin`, and it's pre-arranged borders can be painted on top of backgrounds, but isn't the default. `padding-box` The default value for `background-origin`. Allows the background to be rendered beyond the content and up to the border of a box. `margin-box` While a recognized region of a CSS box, it is an invalid value for the `background-origin` property.